Jumat, 20 Maret 2015

Catatan Kecil Menuju Universitas Kelas Dunia / A piece of note go to the world class university

Catatan Kecil Menuju Universitas Kelas Dunia

OPINI | 05 October 2014 | 19:05 Dibaca: 92   Komentar: 0   0
Pendidikan merupakan merupakan dasar dari segala kemajuan. Negara-negara yang belum maju banyak mengirim warganya menuntut ilmu di Univeritas-universitas di negara yang sudah maju, maka penerimaan mahasiswa luar negeri oleh universitas negara maju dianggap sebagai peneguhan kemajuan universitas negara berkembang.
Istilah “Universitas Kelas Dunia” menurut kebanyakan kamus adalah menduduki ranking diantara yang terdepan di dunia, mempunyai standar keunggulan internasional. Lembaga pemberi ranking yang dikenal di Indonesia ialah Cybermatics Lab dengan hasil karyanya “Webometrics”. Lembaga ini melakukan pengukuran aktivitas ilmiah perguruan tinggi di web (web performance).
Menjadi universitas  kelas dunia, yang mempunyai mahasiswa dari berbagai penjuru dunia menjadi dambaan para pengelola universitas di seluruh dunia. Secara filosofis, menjadi universitas kelas dunia membantu mahasiswa lulusannya menjadi cepat tanggap dan mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan di era ini.
Altbach (2004), Direktur Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, mengatakan bahwa universitas kelas dunia harus menjadi unggul dibidang riset dan dapat memenuhi fasilitas untuk karya akademik, atmosfer kegairahan intelektual, dan juga memiliki kebebasan akademik, serta memiliki kemandirian dengan tatakelola. Pendanaan juga harus tersedia untuk mendukung riset dan pengajaran serta fungsi-fungsi universitas lain.
Menurut konsultan pendidikan UNESCO, menyampaikan tiga cara menuju universitas kelas dunia, yaitu yang pertama, meningkatkan kapabilitas institusi pendidikan yang ada, kedua menggabungkan beberapa institusi yang ada, terakhir, menciptakan institusi pendidikan baru. Jalan manapun yang ditempuh, peran pemerintah melalui kebijakan politik atau pendanaannya yang sangat diperlukan.
Keluar daripada itu, tidak kalah pentingnya menurut penulis, peran dosen juga dapat meningkatkan kualitas universitas bersangkutan. Bagaimana tidak, dosen yang berkualitas–dalam artian dosen yang minimal lulusan S2 dapat mentransfer ilmu lebih baik lagi ketimbang dosen dengan hanya lulusan S1. Selain itu, dosen yang disiplin akan kehadiran dan tentang rencana pembelajaran atau kontrak perkuliahan juga penting dalam mengembangkan sifat aktif mahasiswa dan menjadi contoh mahasiswa itu sendiri. Kemudian, bagaimana mahasiswanya yang mendorong dirinya sendiri untuk maju dalam persaingan global  setelah universitas memberikan fasilitas yang dianggap baik. Pasalnya, tidak semua mahasiswa memiliki motif yang sama. Akibatnya, universitas terkait menjadi sedikit terhalang untuk menuju cita-citanya.
Apabila dalam tren ini sejumlah mahasiswa masih terdistraksi motif yang berbeda– misalnya seperti, saya kuliah karena dipaksa orangtua atau motif lainnya, universitas tentu perlu mengupayakan menyatukan motif yang sama yakni “berhasil dalam persaingan global” dengan cara seminar atau kuliah umum supaya mahasiswa dapat terinspirasi untuk lebih semangat kuliah dan sadar bahwa pendidikan itu penting di era global dan dapat meningkatkan prestasi mahasiswa. Cara lainnya ialah dengan mengembangkan minat mahasiswa dengan mengikuti UKM yang tersedia.
http://edukasi.kompasiana.com/2014/10/05/catatan-kecil-menuju-universitas-kelas-dunia-683380.html




A piece of note go to the world class university
Education is the basis of the whole advancement. Many developing countries send their citizen to study in the universities in the developed countries. So admission is considered as the universities of international in universities of the developed countries is considered as the confirmation of their advancement of the development of the developing countries.
The term “World class” university according to a lot of dictionaries ranking among the leading universities in the world having international standard of excellence. The well-known ranking institution is Cybermatics lab which is worked “Webometrics”. This institution measure scientific activity of university web (Web performance).
Being world class universities, having students from over the world is a dream of management of university worldwide. Philosophically, being world class universities help their graduate students to become responsive and adaptable to any changes in this era.
Albatcth (2004), the director of Center for International Higher Education in Boston college said that world class universities have to consider research and have to fulfill the facilities for academic work, and have to be an independent well-manage universities. Any budget also has to be provided to support research and guidance and any other functions of university.
According to UNESCO consultant of education said that three ways to became world class university are , firstly improve the capability of education institution, secondly merge several institutions, and lastly create new education institution. Whatever the way which is taken by the government, the role of the government by political wisdom or its budgeting is mostly needed.
Beyond that, according to the writer it is cannot be forgotten the role of the lecturers which is can improve the quality of its university. Somehow, the high quality lecturer means those who are minimally graduate of S2 can transfer knowledge better than those who are only graduate S1. Besides, being the discipline lecturers in the case of attendance and lesson plan or lecture contract are also important to improve active character of students and being an example for the students. Then, how the student boost themselves to improve in the era of globalization after the university giving a good reputed facilities. Because of not all students have the same goals. For this reason, the university have been a little bit obstacle to reach their goals.
If in this trend several students are still in district of different goals. For example I am attending a lecture because of my parents force me to do that or another motive. The university certainly need to unite the motive that is “Success in the global rivalry“  It can be done by attending conferences or general lectures in order to inspire the students to be more enthusiasm in attending lecture and realizing  that education is important in the era of globalization and can improve achievement of the students . Another way is by improving student interest by joining UKM or Student Activity

Selasa, 30 Desember 2014

Terjemahan sepadan idiom, proverb, and metaphor


5 idioms and indonesian equivalent
1.      A hot potato
Meaning - Speak of an issue (mostly current) which many people are talking about and which is usually dispute
(Buah bibir)
2.       Whole bag of tricks -
Meaning - Means trying all the clever means to achieve something.
            (Ada udang di balik batu)

3.      Explore all avenues

Meaning - Trying out every possibility to get a result.
(Jangan menyerah sebelum berperang)

4.      Get ducks in a row -

Meaning - Getting your things well organized.
(Bermain air basah, bermain api letup)
Mengerjakan sesuatu pekerjaan akan mendapat imbalan sesuai dengan perbuatannya
5.      Best of both worlds
Meaning: All the advantages.
(Anak baik menantu molek)
mendapat keuntungan yang berlipat ganda





5 proverbs and indonesian equivalent
1.      Air tenang jangan disangka tiada buaya.
a.       English equivalent: Look before you leap, because snakes among sweet flowers do creep.
b.       Hassan (2005). Kamus Pepatah Bidalan \& Perumpamaan. PTS Professional. p. 136.
2.      Air tenang menghanyutkan.
    1. English equivalent: The mills of God grind slowly but surely.
    2. "Slow but steady work can achieve much."
    3. Source for meaning: Paczolay, Gyula (1997). "64". European proverbs: in 55 languages, with equivalents in Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Chinese and Japanese. Veszprémi Nyomda. p. 323. ISBN 1-875943-44-7.
    4. Benamou (2010). RASA: Affect and Intuition in Javanese Musical Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, USA.
3.      Alah bisa karena biasa.
    1. English equivalent:Practice makes perfect.
    2. Yusmansyah. Aqidah Akhlaq. PT Grafindo Media Pratama.juga baik baik dilakukan
4.      Dimana ada kemauan, di situ ada jalan.
English equivalent: Where there is a will, there is a way.
"If you are sufficiently determined to achieve something, then you will find a way of doing so."
Source for meaning of English equivalent: Martin H. Manser (2007). The Facts on File Dictionary of Proverbs. Infobase Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-8160-6673-5.
Darmaputera. 365 Anak Tangga Menuju Hidup Berkemenangan (sc). BPK Gunung Mulia. p. 147.
5.      Karena nila setitik, rusak susu sebelanga.
With only a drop of alcohol, a pot of milk is damaged
English equivalent: One rotten apple will spoil the whole barrel
Meaning: Because of only a small mistake, all of the efforts are wasted; Because only a part of the group make a mistake, a whole group's reputation/work is tarnished.
Derom Bangun; Bonnie Triyana (2010). Derom Bangun: memoar "duta besar" sawit Indonesia : dari kampus ITB sampai ke meja diplomasi dunia. Penerbit Buku Kompas. p. 32. ISBN 978-979-709-522-2. Retrieved on 12 August 2013.

5 metaphor  and indonesian equivalent
1.      Awan menangis di tengah badai. (hujan)
It’s raining cats and dogs
2.      Kau adalah belahan jiwaku
You are my sunshine.
3.      Jakarta kota metropolitan
America is a melting pot
4.      Dunia adalah paggung sandiwara
Life is a fashion show
5.      Waktu adalah uang
Time is money



Translation procedures Newmark (1988b)


The following are the different translation procedures that Newmark (1988b) proposes:
1     Transference: it is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It  includes transliteration and is the same as what Harvey (2000:5) named "transcription."
a.     The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified.
Pertanyaan yang kitaajukan sekarang bukan apakah  pemerintah kita terlalu besar atau terlalu kecil, tetapi apakah pemerintah kita bias berfungsi, apakah pemerintah bias menolong para keluarga mencari pekerjaan dengan upah yang layak, asuransi kesehatan yang terjangkau, danpensiun yang berarti.
b.     As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals.
Mengenai pertahanan kita bersama, kita menolak dan menganggap palsu pilihan antara keselamatan dan idaman atau cita-cita kita.
(Pidato Obama / Obama’s speech )
  1. Naturalization: it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)
a.     Lobby menjadi lobi
b.     Hobby menjadi hobi
  1. Cultural equivalent: it means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. however, "they are not accurate" (Newmark, 1988b:83)
a.     baseball dalam bahasa Inggris diterjemahkan menjadi kasti dalam bahasa Indonesia;
b.     Duckburg Daily BlaàPos Kota Bebek
  1. Functional equivalent: it requires the use of a culture-neutral word. (Newmark, 1988b:83)
a.     A penny àSerupiah
b.     $10,000 àSeratusjuta
(Donald duck comic)

  1. Descriptive equivalent:in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained in several words. (Newmark, 1988b:83)
a.     Panettone menjadi kue tradisional itali yang dimakan pada malam tahun baru;

b.     Licensed softwareàPerangkat lunak yang                             dilisensikan.

  1. Componential analysis: it means "comparing an SL word with a TL word which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components." (Newmark, 1988b:114)
a.     Mr. Perfect àBebek Paling Sempurna
b.                        Just for Kicks àPelajaranBerharga
  1. Synonymy: it is a "near TL equivalent." Here economy trumps accuracy. (Newmark, 1988b:84)
a.     April Fools  àApril Mop
b.     Get rid of  àMenyingkirkan
8.        Through-translation: it is the literal translation of common collocations,  names of organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan translation. (Newmark, 1988b:84)
a.     Normal School menjadiSekolah Normal;
b.     The Bongolian Box àKotakBongolia
  1. Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL, for instance, (i) change from singular to plural, (ii) the change required when a specific SL structure does not exist in the TL, (iii) change of an SL verb to a TL word, change of an SL noun group to a TL noun and so forth. (Newmark, 1988b:86)
a.     Nah, he’s some lovesick Romeo, I guess, who hired me for another important mission! à         Yah, kurasadia Romeo yang sedangjatuh   cinta! Diamenugasikumisipenting!
b.     Hi Donald! Listen, I forgot to mention those dogs were partially trained as attackdogs, using a dummy whose shirt looked just likeyours !àHaiDonal! Dengar, aku lupa bilang kalau anjing-anjing itu sudah dilatih sebagai anjing penyerang! Aku melatihnya dengan orang-orangan yang memakai kemeja mirip kemejamu!
  1. Modulation: it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark, 1988b:88)
a.     The laws of Germany govern this Agreement.àPerjanjianinidiaturolehhukumJerman
b.     XYZ liability is mandatory under the applicablelaw, e.g.        according to Product Liability Law.àTanggung jawab XYZ merupakan kewajiban berdasarkan undang-undang yang berlaku, misalnya Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen (dalam konteks ini).
1 11.   Recognized translation: it occurs when the translator "normally uses the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term." (Newmark, 1988b:89)
a.     PBB                                 : UN (United Nation)
b.     AmerikaSerikat (AS)      : USA (United States of America)
  1. Compensation: it occurs when loss of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part. (Newmark, 1988b:90)
a.     What kind of sap do you take me for?  à Kalian anggapakubebekbodohmacamapa?
b.     He couldn’t even lift an axe without hurting himself!  àMemegangkampaksajabisa-bisatangannyaterluka!
  1. Paraphrase: in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained. Here the explanation is much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
a.     Cute? Little? àHah? Ini yang lucudankecil?
b.     Diamond money!  àPastiuangpenjualanberlian!
  1. Couplets: it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
a.     For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage. 
Mereka telah melupakan apa yang dilakukan Negara ini, apa yang bias dicapai olehl aki-laki dan perempuan yang hidup bebas, apabila imajinasi digabung demi tujuan bersama, dankebutuhan digabung dengan ketabahan.
-Literal (transcription)
-Naturalization (imagination to imajinasi


b.     And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government
Dan mereka yang mengaturuangrakyatakandimintaipertanggung-jawabannya - supayamengeluarkanuangsecarabijaksana, mengubahkebiasaanburuk, danmelakukanbisniskitadenganjujur - karenahanyadengandemikiankitabisamemulihkankepercayaanpentingantararakyatdanpemerintah.
-Literal (transcription)
-Compensation (in the light of day/jujur)
  1. Notes: notes are additional information in a translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
a.     Ramadhan : the Muslim month of fasting
b.     Go home and watch the kids’ channel!  àPulang dan tonton saja film kesukaan kalian di televisi!